Coal facies characteristics and its control on methane content in South Yanchuan Block,Southeast Ordos Basin,China

The variability in depositional environments in ancient peat bog and coal facies characteristics was investigated with 29 coal samples from four coalbed methane wells in South Yanchuan Block, Southeast Ordos Basin, China. The control of methane content is described as coal facies parameters and the corresponding measurements of methane content. The results indicated that the depositional environment of ancient peat bog in South Yanchuan Block is primarily a lower delta plain, and a low tissue preservation index (TPI) and high gelification index (GI) are typical features of reservoir’s coal facies, reflecting a deep water depositional environment in ancient peat bog. Compared with the coal facies characteristics of the western area, the coal reservoir in the eastern area displays low GI and high ash content as a result of ancient peat bog’s proximity to sea and source area. Various lateral methane contents are influenced by burial depth, whereas the characteristics of coal facies have a strong control on methane content within the single well in vertical direction. The methane content increases with increase in GI and vitrinite to inertinite ratio (V:I), while there are indistinct relationships between TPI and transportation index with methane content. With high GI and longer distance to sea and source area, the methane content in the western area is higher than that of the eastern area. High desmocollinite content also has a negative influence on methane content.     

浙江龙游某食道癌高发区的地质环境分析

本研究采用排除法、对比法和追源法,在对浙江龙游某食道癌高发区的癌症发病情况系统调查的基础上,开展了涵盖地质背景、土壤理化条件、土壤地球化学以及饮用水源等多方面的调查研究工作.经调查发现,病区土壤母质为白垩纪模环凹陷湖沼相沉积物,与低发区相比,高发区土壤质地粘重,有机质含量高,饮用水中亚硝酸盆、氨氮、硝酸盐超标率达80%...     

兰州盆地第三纪沉积物常量元素变化及其古环境意义

通过对兰州盆地凤凰山剖面沉积物(厚约2484 m)的常量元素(Si、Al、Ca、Fe、K、Mg、Na)和碳酸盐含量分析,发现元素含量变化特征可分为三类:(1)元素Al、Fe、K和Mg赋存于细颗粒矿物中,与粒度分选和风化强度关系密切;(2)元素Si主要赋存于石英中,能良好反映沉积相变化;(3)元素Ca、Na与化学沉积盐类的生成有关,元素比值(Na/Al和Ca/Al)能揭示沉积环境演变。元素比值变化表明兰州盆地第三纪古环境变化可划分为四个阶段:54—43 Ma为三角洲河流相沉积,气候较温暖湿润;43—33 Ma Na/Al比值较高,钠盐大量生成,进入盐湖发育阶段,气候开始变干;33—23 Ma Ca/Al比大幅度波动,地层中含有大量石膏层,盆地经历了半干旱—半湿润的气候环境波动;23—9 Ma盆地从咸水-半咸水湖转变为风尘主导的干旱环境。综合凤凰山剖面的元素、磁化率、色度和粒度结果,认为第三纪以来兰州盆地古环境经历了三次阶段性变干的过程(~43 Ma,~33 Ma和~23 Ma);同全球气候和区域构造记录的对比表明,前两次变干可能同全球气候变冷关系密切,而早中新世的变干则可能是区域构造运动的结果。     

Elementary Structural Units of the Biosphere

Russian Journal of Ecology -     

中国东南大陆中生代火山岩带的火山岩相类型

本文根据岩浆作用的表现形式、火山喷发方式、搬运方式、堆积环境、成岩过程以及距火山口远近等因素，将岩浆作用产物的岩相类型分为侵入岩相、侵出岩相、火山岩相等三大类十二种岩相类型．并详细阐述了区内火山岩相类型及其时间分布特征。     

铜陵石炭纪威宁期沉积相及与黄铁矿矿床的关系

铜陵地区石炭纪威宁期存在潮坪相,泻湖相和浅海陆棚相。白云岩有两种,准同生白云岩分布于潮坪,成岩白云岩分布于泻湖内,本区以成岩白云岩为主。白云岩中赋存了层位稳定的黄铁矿矿床,黄铁矿在泻湖相最易富集,成岩作用是黄铁矿矿床形成的一个重要因素。     

矿物包裹体爆裂测温曲线上的“相变峰”及其意义

矿物的相转变曾被认为是矿物包裹体爆裂法测温的影响因素之一。本文从矿物在加热过程中发生相转变和内部气液包裹体爆裂二者不同的作用机理,以及在爆裂曲线上不同的反映出发,通过一些实验和实例对比,探讨了矿物相变对爆裂法测温实际效果的影响,和所谓石英“相变峰”在岩体对比等方面的实际意义,得出矿物相变对爆裂法测温不会产生有害影响的结论。     

试论陆相火山岩区火山地层单位与划分──关于火山岩区填图单元划分的讨论

火山活动具多旋回性，一个火山活动旋回的岩浆作用产物及其形成的火山构造形迹具时空分布协调性，同一旋回的火山构造在空间上呈串珠状或并列式展布，不同旋回的火山构造在空间上呈叠置式展布；火山喷发类型与火山岩相具一致性，岩相及相序是推演古火山演化历史、恢复古火山机构的主要依据，亦是组成火山地层并且成因意义的单元；不同旋回火山机构内的火山地层层序的综合、叠置是建立区域火山地层层序的基础；火山构造是火山岩区地质构造的主要内容，以区域构造、火山构造、火山岩浆作用产物的岩相为内容的火山岩相构造图是揭示火山岩区地质构造特征的综合性图件；环形火山构造叠置与区域线形构造交织分布组成线─环形境构造格局．是火山岩区所特有的构造面貌，在火山地质图上应得到充分的体现；。根据上述认识，对陆相火山岩区作为火山地层填图单元的岩石地层单位群─组─段─层划分提出了方案，建议用旋回─组─岩相─层（即火山构造─组─岩相─层）四级作为火山地层划分单位和填图单元，其中旋回火山构造一致，组与火山机构演化阶段一致，岩相与火山喷发类型一致，层为岩相内容的补充。据此填制的火山地质图才能真正成为反映火山岩浆作用及其产物的特色和具普遍意义的图件。     

Using hydrochemical signatures to characterize the long-period evolution of groundwater information in the Dagu River Basin,China

• The long-period groundwater evolution was identified by hydrochemical signatures. • The dominant processes in the groundwater evolution were verified. • Groundwater quality in the coastal areas was susceptible to deterioration due to SI. • Groundwater contamination arose from fertilizer, livestock manure & domestic sewage. The evolution of hydrochemical compositions influenced by long-period interactions between groundwater and the geo-environment is a fundamental issue for exploring groundwater quality and vulnerability. This study systematically investigated the hydrochemical processes and anthropogenic interference occurring in the river basin by bivariate plots, Gibbs diagrams, saturation index, and the major ions ratios. Apparent changes in groundwater hydrochemistry have been observed in the study area, illustrating the origins of major ions are affected by various internal and external factors. Results highlighted that TDS varied from freshwater to brackish water, ranging between 187.90 and 2294.81 mg/L. Ca²⁺ and HCO₃⁻ are the dominant ions in the studied samples. The results gained by Gibbs diagrams, bivariate plots, saturation index, and the major ions ratios demonstrated that minerals dissolution/precipitation, cation exchange, and human inputs play crucial roles in the unconfined aquifers. Moreover, the overuse of nitrogen fertilizer, livestock manure, and industrial/domestic sewage led to nitrate and nitrite contamination and brought significant challenges to the surrounding hydrogeo-environment. The present study could make an unambiguous identification of natural processes and anthropogenic interventions influencing groundwater hydrochemistry’s long-period evolution and create a preliminary strategy for groundwater resources management.     

典型喀斯特表层岩溶带地下水化学特征——以贵州清镇王家寨喀斯特小流域为例

以喀斯特小流域为研究尺度,对清镇市王家寨退耕还林（草）示范区内的9个表层岩溶泉进行了一个水文年的系统监测,并借助SPSS统计软件开展了泉点的聚类分析研究,旨在从常规水化学角度为流域退化生态环境的恢复与重建提供科学依据。从结果来看,虽然所有泉点的水化学类型均为HCO3-Ca型,但是根据K＋、Na＋、Ca2＋、Mg2＋、F-、Cl-、NO3-、HCO3-、SO42-等指标的具体差异,还是可以将9个泉点分为3组：（1）位于流域上游分水岭处的S8、S9泉点,由于远离居民集聚区,受到人类活动的影响程度弱,泉水中EC和各主要离子的质量浓度均很低,[Ca2＋]＊与[HCO3-]的关系说明泉水流经地区的岩石类型主要为白云岩;（2）位于流域中部的S2、S3、S4、S5、S6和S7泉点,靠近居民点,受到人类活动的影响程度明显增强,泉水中EC和各主要离子的质量浓度也相应增大,[Ca2＋]＊与[HCO3-]具有与第一组泉水完全不同的特征,表明此组泉水流经地区的岩石类型为白云质灰岩;（3）位于流域下游的S1泉点,处于村寨下游,受到人类活动的影响最大,泉水中EC和各主要离子的质量浓度也很高,[Ca2＋]＊与[HCO3-]的关系与第二组泉点相似,但是[SO42-]和[F-]远高于前2组泉点,这可能是由于在泉水的运移路径上有富含石膏和氟的岩石存在。